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medicinal plants

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Blister beetles (Mylabris syriaca), dharârîh [top]; Commom salamander (Salamandra terrestris), sâlâmandrâ, identified in the text as sâm abras (chameleon) [bottom], fol. 81v

Blister beetles (Mylabris syriaca), dharârîh [top]; Commom salamander ...

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 84v

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 84v

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Pimpinella spinosa semper virens = Pimpinella = Pimprenelle.

Pimpinella spinosa semper virens = Pimpinella = Pimprenelle.

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Cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum), al-himmas al-bustânî, fol. 96v

Cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum), al-himmas al-bustânî, fol. 96v

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Wild radish (Raphanus rephanistrum), fujl barrî [top]; Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), sîsârûn [bottom], fol. 99v

Wild radish (Raphanus rephanistrum), fujl barrî [top]; Parsnip (Pastin...

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Samphire (Chrithmum maritimum), qrîthmûn [n.p.] [top]; Bird's foot (Lotos corniculatus), qûrûnûfûs [n.p.], i.e., rijl al-'aq'aq [bottom], fol. 102

Samphire (Chrithmum maritimum), qrîthmûn [n.p.] [top]; Bird's foot (Lo...

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Unidentified plant, awrûn [top]; Friar's cowl (Arum arisarum), arîsârûn [bottom], fol. 113

Unidentified plant, awrûn [top]; Friar's cowl (Arum arisarum), arîsârû...

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Great centaury (Centaurea centaurium), al-qantûriyyûn al-a'zam [!], fol. 123v

Great centaury (Centaurea centaurium), al-qantûriyyûn al-a'zam [!], fo...

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Two varieties of pine thistle (Atractylis gullifera) khâmâlâwun abyâd, fol. 124v

Two varieties of pine thistle (Atractylis gullifera) khâmâlâwun abyâd,...

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Teazel (Dipsacus sylvestris), dîbsâqus [n.p.] [top]; Woolly globe thistle  (Echinops lanuginosus), aqâlthâ lûqî [n.p] [bottom], fol. 125

Teazel (Dipsacus sylvestris), dîbsâqus [n.p.] [top]; Woolly globe this...

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Pseudo Dictamnus verticillatus, inodorus = Dictamum adulterinum quibusdam verticillatum = Dittamo falso = Faux Dictame. [False Dittany]

Pseudo Dictamnus verticillatus, inodorus = Dictamum adulterinum quibus...

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Marjoram  (Origanum marjorana), sâmfsûkhûn [n.p.], fol. 135v

Marjoram (Origanum marjorana), sâmfsûkhûn [n.p.], fol. 135v

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Horse parsley (Smyrnium olusatrum), îffûsihlînûn, fol. 144v

Horse parsley (Smyrnium olusatrum), îffûsihlînûn, fol. 144v

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Wild parsnip (Peucedanum sativum?), hilâfubûsqûn [n.p.] [top], fol. 145v

Wild parsnip (Peucedanum sativum?), hilâfubûsqûn [n.p.] [top], fol. 14...

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Common vincetoxicum (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria), asqlîfiyyâs [!n.p.], fol. 154v

Common vincetoxicum (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria), asqlîfiyyâs [!n.p.], ...

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Martagon lily, hemerocallis (Lilium chalcedonicum), îmihrûqâlihûs [top]; Wallflower (Cheiranthus cheiri; Matthiola incana; Matthiola tricuspidata), lihûqâyûn. Three varieties, red, yellow, and white are shown, fol. 164v

Martagon lily, hemerocallis (Lilium chalcedonicum), îmihrûqâlihûs [top...

Public domain photo of botanical artwork, 16th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Ground orchid (Terrestrial orchis sp.) ûrkilis [!] [right and left], fol. 165v

Ground orchid (Terrestrial orchis sp.) ûrkilis [!] [right and left], f...

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Anagyris (Anagyris foetida), anâjûrûn [top]; Stonecrop (Sedum cepaea), qî'ihâ'â [!n.p.] [bottom], fol. 174

Anagyris (Anagyris foetida), anâjûrûn [top]; Stonecrop (Sedum cepaea),...

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Polemonia (Polemonium caeruleum), bûlihmûniyûn [n.p.]. A different kind of batbât, fol. 180

Polemonia (Polemonium caeruleum), bûlihmûniyûn [n.p.]. A different kin...

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Unidentifiable plant, serves to illustrate kâmâlûqî [!n.p.] [top]; Alkanet, Undulate  Alkanet (Anchusa hybrida), bûghlûsûn []. Three varieties are shown: (I) with four stalks [bottom right]; (II) with one stalk [bottom left], fol. 220v

Unidentifiable plant, serves to illustrate kâmâlûqî [!n.p.] [top]; Alk...

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Probably Wall Rue (Asplenium ruta-muraria), illustrates same entry. Adiantum and Asplenium are often confused in the literature as they have similar uses, fol. 223

Probably Wall Rue (Asplenium ruta-muraria), illustrates same entry. Ad...

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Christmas Rose, Black Hellebore (Helleborus niger), sîsâmûyidâs al-kabîr [n.p.] [bottom]; White Hellebore (Veratrum album), kharbaq abyad [margin], fol. 226v

Christmas Rose, Black Hellebore (Helleborus niger), sîsâmûyidâs al-kab...

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 227

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 227

Public domain scan of manuscript, NYPL collection, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Castor-oil Plant (Ricinus communis), kharwa' [!], fol. 232

Castor-oil Plant (Ricinus communis), kharwa' [!], fol. 232

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Caper Spurge (Euphorbia lathyris), lâthûrîs [n.p.], fol. 236v

Caper Spurge (Euphorbia lathyris), lâthûrîs [n.p.], fol. 236v

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False Motherwort (Leonurus marrubiastrum), fûqnûqûmûn, fol. 240

False Motherwort (Leonurus marrubiastrum), fûqnûqûmûn, fol. 240

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Common Heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum), îliyûtirûfiyyûn al-kabîr [!n.p.] [top]; Heliotrope variety (Heliotropium europaeum), sqûrfiyuwâyidihs [n.p.] [bottom], fol. 247

Common Heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum), îliyûtirûfiyyûn al-kabîr [...

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 250

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 250

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 258

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 258

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 271v

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 271v

Public domain scan of a medieval manuscript, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 280v

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 280v

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 287

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 287

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 1v

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 1v

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 3

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 3

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 8

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 8

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 13

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 13

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Nepal cardamon (Amomum subulatum), hamâmâ, fol. 25 manuscript

Nepal cardamon (Amomum subulatum), hamâmâ, fol. 25 manuscript

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Helenium or elecampane (Inula helenium), al-râsan, fol. 30

Helenium or elecampane (Inula helenium), al-râsan, fol. 30

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 32

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 32

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Gall oak with gallnuts (Quercus infectoria), 'afs, fol. 58v

Gall oak with gallnuts (Quercus infectoria), 'afs, fol. 58v

Public domain photo of botanical artwork, 15th-16th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo), qûmârûs [n.p.], i.e., qâtil abîh [top];  Bitter almond tree (Prunus amygdalus var. amara), lawr [!] murr [bottom], fol. 65v

Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo), qûmârûs [n.p.], i.e., qâtil abîh [top...

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 85

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 85

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 87

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 87

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Sesame (Sesamum indicum), simsim [top]; Darnel or teres (Lolium temulentum), shaylam [bottom], fol. 94v

Sesame (Sesamum indicum), simsim [top]; Darnel or teres (Lolium temule...

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Melon (Cucumis melo), battîkh [top]; Garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa), khass bustânî [bottom] , fol. 104

Melon (Cucumis melo), battîkh [top]; Garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa), ...

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Asphodel (Asphodelus racemosus), khunthâ, I.e, al-ashrâs , fol. 113v

Asphodel (Asphodelus racemosus), khunthâ, I.e, al-ashrâs , fol. 113v

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Water mint (Mentha aquatica), îdhuwâwusmûn. Three varieties are shown [center]; Spearmint (Mentha spicata), qâlâminthî [bottom], fol. 133v

Water mint (Mentha aquatica), îdhuwâwusmûn. Three varieties are shown ...

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Three varieties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), samrâ [bottom and top], fol. 146

Three varieties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), samrâ [bottom and top]...

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Hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), isfûndûliyûn [n.p.] [top]; Unknown plant, al-shill [center], fol. 148v

Hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), isfûndûliyûn [n.p.] [top]; Unknown pl...

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Field wormwood, common wormwood (Artemisia campestris, Artemisia vulgaris), artihmîsiyâ [!]. Two varieties are shown [top]; Field wormwood (Artemisia campestris), amîrûsiyâ [!] [bottom], fol. 162

Field wormwood, common wormwood (Artemisia campestris, Artemisia vulga...

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Yellow oxeye (Buphthalmum salicifolium), bûfthâlmûn [n.p.], fol. 170

Yellow oxeye (Buphthalmum salicifolium), bûfthâlmûn [n.p.], fol. 170

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Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum officinale), fûlûjûnâtûn [top]; Dodder (Cuscuta epithymum), qlîmâtîs [bottom], fol. 179v

Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum officinale), fûlûjûnâtûn [top]; Dodder (Cu...

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Wild Basil (Clinopodium vulgare), ufîmâyidûs [!] [top]; Bermuda grass (grows worldwide) (Cynodon dactylon), âdhrûstîs [!] [bottom], fol. 186v

Wild Basil (Clinopodium vulgare), ufîmâyidûs [!] [top]; Bermuda grass ...

Public domain photo of botanical artwork, 16th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Anapodophyllon Canadense, Morini = Ranuncolo peregrino con il fiore bianco Campanulato. [Mayapple from Canada]

Anapodophyllon Canadense, Morini = Ranuncolo peregrino con il fiore bi...

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Myosotis Orientalis, perfoliata, Lychnidis folio = Cerasnium = Miosotide Orientale. [Forget-me-not]

Myosotis Orientalis, perfoliata, Lychnidis folio = Cerasnium = Miosoti...

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Creeping Cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans), al-fintâbulûn [top]; Mouse Barley, Wall Barley, Wild Barley (Hordeum murinum), fûnîks [bottom], fol. 191v

Creeping Cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans), al-fintâbulûn [top]; Mouse B...

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Kermes Oak (Quercus coccifera), qûqqûs bâfîqî [!n.p.], fol. 193

Kermes Oak (Quercus coccifera), qûqqûs bâfîqî [!n.p.], fol. 193

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Goat-scented or Hairy St. John's Wort (Hypericum hircinum; Tragium columnae), trâghîyyûn [!]. Two varieties are shown [top];  An unidentifiable plant, tarâghûs, labeled a variety of halfâ (water plant or reed) [bottom], fol. 193v

Goat-scented or Hairy St. John's Wort (Hypericum hircinum; Tragium col...

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 199v

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 199v

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Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum), mândarâjûrâs [!], fol. 203

Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum), mândarâjûrâs [!], fol. 203

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A "male" variety [of Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum), mândarâjûrâs ], fol. 204

A "male" variety [of Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum), mândarâjûrâs ]...

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Mushrooms (Fungi sp.), qutr [!]. The  Persian futr refers only to deadly mushrooms, though benign ones are also discussed here. Three shown together [top]; Autumn crocus, Meadow Saffron (Colchicum autumnale), quwâkîqûn [!n.p.] [bottom], fol. 206v

Mushrooms (Fungi sp.), qutr [!]. The Persian futr refers only to dead...

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Burdock (Arctium species), arqtiyûn [n.p.] (Gr: arktion), also called arqatûrûna [!]. Illustration questionable, fol. 214v

Burdock (Arctium species), arqtiyûn [n.p.] (Gr: arktion), also called ...

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Evening primorose (Oenothera biennis), ûnaghrâ [n.p.] [top]; Melancholy Thistle (Cirsium heterophyllum), qrîssiyyûn [bottom], fol. 218

Evening primorose (Oenothera biennis), ûnaghrâ [n.p.] [top]; Melanchol...

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Sesamoides (the Small) (Reseda sesamoides or Sesamoides pygmaea), saysâmuwâyidahs al-saghîr [!], fol. 233

Sesamoides (the Small) (Reseda sesamoides or Sesamoides pygmaea), says...

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Male Fern (Dryopteris filix-mas), fatihrîs [!], fol. 244

Male Fern (Dryopteris filix-mas), fatihrîs [!], fol. 244

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Possibly Hart's Tongue  Fern (Scolopendriam vulgare), thaylûftihrîs [!n.p.] [top]; Polypody Fern  (Polypodium vulgare) fûlûqûdhiyyûn [!] [bottom], fol. 244v

Possibly Hart's Tongue Fern (Scolopendriam vulgare), thaylûftihrîs [!...

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 253v

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 253v

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 259

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 259

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 266

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 266

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 273

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 273

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Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 282v

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 282v

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