NYPL's Public Domain Archive. Not developed or endorsed by NYPL. Part of the World's largest public domain source PICRYL.com.

illumination of books and manuscripts

public
2,336 media by topicpage 1 of 24
Jesus surrounded by symbols of the four Evangelists

Jesus surrounded by symbols of the four Evangelists

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Alphabet & Lord's Prayer - Public domain dedication image

Alphabet & Lord's Prayer - Public domain dedication image

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Architecture: ornementation des plafonds : bucrânes (nécropole de Thèbes -- XVIIIe. à XXe. dynasties)

Architecture: ornementation des plafonds : bucrânes (nécropole de Thèb...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Capucine, Maurice Pillard Verneuil

Capucine, Maurice Pillard Verneuil

Public domain image related to botany, botanical artwork, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Perce-neige, Maurice Pillard Verneuil

Perce-neige, Maurice Pillard Verneuil

Public domain image related to botany, botanical artwork, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Ancolie, Maurice Pillard Verneuil

Ancolie, Maurice Pillard Verneuil

Public domain image related to botany, botanical artwork, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Courge. Eugene Grasset, compiler

Courge. Eugene Grasset, compiler

Public domain image related to botany, botanical artwork, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

The Turkish troops attack the forces of Bîzhan.

The Turkish troops attack the forces of Bîzhan.

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

Iskandar kills Fûr of Hind in single combat by cleaving him down the middle with his sword.

Iskandar kills Fûr of Hind in single combat by cleaving him down the m...

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

Pîrân leads the Turanian forces against the Iranians.

Pîrân leads the Turanian forces against the Iranians.

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

Akvân Dîv flings Rustam into the sea.

Akvân Dîv flings Rustam into the sea.

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

Garsîvaz leads Manîzha next to the pit where Bîzhan is imprisoned.

Garsîvaz leads Manîzha next to the pit where Bîzhan is imprisoned.

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

Barbâd, the musician, stands before Khusrau in his garden at Naurus.

Barbâd, the musician, stands before Khusrau in his garden at Naurus.

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

The investiture of the archbishop of Mainz f. 182

The investiture of the archbishop of Mainz f. 182

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Sculptur mit eingelegter Glasmosaik am Tabernaked in der Kirche Or' San Michele zu Florenz

Sculptur mit eingelegter Glasmosaik am Tabernaked in der Kirche Or' Sa...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Mosaik-Verzierungen aus der Kirche S. Francesco zu Assisi

Mosaik-Verzierungen aus der Kirche S. Francesco zu Assisi

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Spoil of a captured city : eunuchs taking count. (From the centre ruins, Nimroud [Calah])

Spoil of a captured city : eunuchs taking count. (From the centre ruin...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Peinture : plantes & fleurs, tirées de divers monuments

Peinture : plantes & fleurs, tirées de divers monuments

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Morris dancers - Public domain dedication image

Morris dancers - Public domain dedication image

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Commelina dianthifolia, Pierre Joseph Redoute

Commelina dianthifolia, Pierre Joseph Redoute

Public domain image related to botany, botanical artwork, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

35. Plafond doTombeau de Nekht-Mîn (n° 87)

35. Plafond doTombeau de Nekht-Mîn (n° 87)

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

52. Plafond du Tombeau De Nesi-pa-Noferher (n° 58)

52. Plafond du Tombeau De Nesi-pa-Noferher (n° 58)

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Denderah. Grand temple. Salle E.

Denderah. Grand temple. Salle E.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Denderah. Grand temple. Chambre J.

Denderah. Grand temple. Chambre J.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Military uniforms: France, 1745-1750

Military uniforms: France, 1745-1750

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Spingensi innanzi al carro i prigioni fatti nella battaglia, e li trae al cospetto di Amon-rê [Amon] e di Mut.

Spingensi innanzi al carro i prigioni fatti nella battaglia, e li trae...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Denderah. Grand temple. Chambre D'.

Denderah. Grand temple. Chambre D'.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Denderah. Grand temple. Crypte no. 5.

Denderah. Grand temple. Crypte no. 5.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Spanish Coat of Arms. Ft. Marion, St. Augustine, Florida.

Spanish Coat of Arms. Ft. Marion, St. Augustine, Florida.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Military uniforms: Germany, Prussia, 1740-1745

Military uniforms: Germany, Prussia, 1740-1745

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Military uniforms: Poland, 1633-1797.

Military uniforms: Poland, 1633-1797.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Great Bronzed Door, (In United States Capitol.)

Great Bronzed Door, (In United States Capitol.)

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Kalpasutra - Jaina miniature painting

Kalpasutra - Jaina miniature painting

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Amaryllis Josephine, Pierre Joseph Redoute

Amaryllis Josephine, Pierre Joseph Redoute

Public domain image related to botany, botanical artwork, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Washington Street. [intact commercial building in foreground.]

Washington Street. [intact commercial building in foreground.]

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Crawford Notch, White Mountains, N.H. New Hampshire in 19th century. Stereoscope card.

Crawford Notch, White Mountains, N.H. New Hampshire in 19th century. S...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Zwölff geistliche Andachten, dari[n]nen gar schöne trostreiche Gebet begriffen, [Binding]

Zwölff geistliche Andachten, dari[n]nen gar schöne trostreiche Gebet b...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

William Blake - Songs of Innocence

William Blake - Songs of Innocence

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Full-page portrait of Mark in gold frame on purple background.

Full-page portrait of Mark in gold frame on purple background.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Full-page portrait of Luke in gold frame on purple background.

Full-page portrait of Luke in gold frame on purple background.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Rivetted Girders greater depth than 15 inchs built of Plates & Angles; Beam Fittings; Girders made of Beams or Channel Irons.

Rivetted Girders greater depth than 15 inchs built of Plates & Angles;...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Monogrammy. - Public domain dedication image

Monogrammy. - Public domain dedication image

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Baba- Iaga deretsia s krokodilom.

Baba- Iaga deretsia s krokodilom.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Indian kincob pattern - woven at Ahmedabad.

Indian kincob pattern - woven at Ahmedabad.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Female angel holding wreath and gold ribbon.

Female angel holding wreath and gold ribbon.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Birthday, Christmas and text cards depicting flowers, birds, dogs, monkeys, rabbits, butterflies and an owl.

Birthday, Christmas and text cards depicting flowers, birds, dogs, mon...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Miniature showing 1. Curia and Quintus Lucretius and a female attendant in a private chamber, with Lucretius' hiding place visible; 2. Curia, feigning grief, approaches townpeople crowded together in a town square. Initial, rubric, border design.

Miniature showing 1. Curia and Quintus Lucretius and a female attendan...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Architecture : couronnements, bordures & soubassements de diverses époques

Architecture : couronnements, bordures & soubassements de diverses épo...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Miniature showing 1. two ships full of soldiers; 2. Camiola's proposal of marriage with the imprisoned Roland; 3. Camiola delivers her oration to the ecclesiastical judge, who sits on a throne, attended by nobles.  Initial, rubric, border design.

Miniature showing 1. two ships full of soldiers; 2. Camiola's proposal...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Costume des femmes de Scio [Chios]. [81]

Costume des femmes de Scio [Chios]. [81]

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

fol. 44v - Public domain dedication image

fol. 44v - Public domain dedication image

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Art arabe : maison de Sidi Youçouf : porte intérieure (XVIIIe. siècle); Gama Barqouq : porte en bronze (XIVe. siècle)

Art arabe : maison de Sidi Youçouf : porte intérieure (XVIIIe. siècle)...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Baba nitki priadet. - Public domain dedication image

Baba nitki priadet. - Public domain dedication image

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Decorative Easter cards with crosses ; business cards with eggs and feathers.

Decorative Easter cards with crosses ; business cards with eggs and fe...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Muhammad's wife 'Â'ishah gives her husband information on people with communicable diseases.

Muhammad's wife 'Â'ishah gives her husband information on people with ...

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

Double-sided page [fol. CCLXXXV, {Zy?} derselben zeyt leynd von zweyen künigen Philippo von Macedonia unnd Ptolomeo künig von Egypto... (King Philip of Macedonia and Ptolemy of Egypt)]

Double-sided page [fol. CCLXXXV, {Zy?} derselben zeyt leynd von zweyen...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 16th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Hérode, roi de Judée - Public domain dedication image

Hérode, roi de Judée - Public domain dedication image

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14ht-15th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Denderah. Grand temple. Crypte no. 2.

Denderah. Grand temple. Crypte no. 2.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Arabesques : fragments d'ornementation d'un Qoran du tombeau de soultan el-Ghoury (XVIe. siècle) : 5

Arabesques : fragments d'ornementation d'un Qoran du tombeau de soulta...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Denderah. Grand temple. Crypte no. 4.

Denderah. Grand temple. Crypte no. 4.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Zhivotnoe, naidenoe v Ispanii, 27 Ianvaria 1775 goda.

Zhivotnoe, naidenoe v Ispanii, 27 Ianvaria 1775 goda.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Miniature of the Annunciation with the Virgin reading a book (in a chemise binding?).

Miniature of the Annunciation with the Virgin reading a book (in a che...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, medieval or early renaissance, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description. The Annunciation is a biblical event in which the angel Ga... More

Full-page miniature of sowing seed; riding to the hounds in the background, in October, fol. 11v

Full-page miniature of sowing seed; riding to the hounds in the backgr...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 15th-16th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description A book of hours is a type of devotional text that was popular in ... More

The woman and the hen [cont.]; Dog bites man.

The woman and the hen [cont.]; Dog bites man.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, medieval or early renaissance, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Miniature of the Annunciation, initials, linefiller.

Miniature of the Annunciation, initials, linefiller.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14ht-15th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description. The Annunciation is a biblical event in which the angel Gabriel ... More

The bird catcher and the crested lark [cont.]; Hermes and the traveler.

The bird catcher and the crested lark [cont.]; Hermes and the traveler...

Public domain scan of renaissance or mannerist print or drawing, 16th-17th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

The thieving child and his mother [cont.].

The thieving child and his mother [cont.].

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, medieval or early renaissance, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Istoriia prepod. Varlaama i Iasafa Tsarevicha.

Istoriia prepod. Varlaama i Iasafa Tsarevicha.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Horae, fol. 26 - Public domain medieval manuscript

Horae, fol. 26 - Public domain medieval manuscript

A book of hours is a type of devotional text that was popular in the Middle Ages, particularly in the late medieval period. It is a type of prayer book that contains a collection of prayers and devotional texts... More

Arkhangel Mikhail (graviura na dereve).

Arkhangel Mikhail (graviura na dereve).

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Korsunskiia vrata. (izobrazhenie 2) Ris. Akad. F. Solntsev. Khromolitografiia F. Dregera.

Korsunskiia vrata. (izobrazhenie 2) Ris. Akad. F. Solntsev. Khromolito...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

The rook and the dog [cont.]; The crow and the snake.

The rook and the dog [cont.]; The crow and the snake.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, medieval or early renaissance, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Horae, fol. 69, illuminated manuscript

Horae, fol. 69, illuminated manuscript

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description. A book of hours is a type of devotional text that was popular in the Middle Ages, p... More

Horae, fol. 93, illuminated manuscript

Horae, fol. 93, illuminated manuscript

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description. A book of hours is a type of devotional text that was popular in the Middle Ages, p... More

The life of Columbus in pictures : title page ; Birthplace of Christopher Columbus, Genoa, Italy.

The life of Columbus in pictures : title page ; Birthplace of Christop...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Horae, fol. 118, illuminated manuscript

Horae, fol. 118, illuminated manuscript

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description. A book of hours is a type of devotional text that was popular in the Middle Ages, p... More

Horae, fol. 138, illuminated manuscript

Horae, fol. 138, illuminated manuscript

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description. A book of hours is a type of devotional text that was popular in the Middle Ages, p... More

Horae, fol. 177 - Public domain medieval manuscript

Horae, fol. 177 - Public domain medieval manuscript

A book of hours is a type of devotional text that was popular in the Middle Ages, particularly in the late medieval period. It is a type of prayer book that contains a collection of prayers and devotional texts... More

[Original title page, vol. 1, pt. 1.]

[Original title page, vol. 1, pt. 1.]

Public domain illustrated book page scan, American, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Military uniforms: Germany, Bavaria, 1835-37.

Military uniforms: Germany, Bavaria, 1835-37.

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Luxemburg - Public domain dedication image

Luxemburg - Public domain dedication image

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Vaandel Gardes Zwitsers Compagnie de Prins. 1787

Vaandel Gardes Zwitsers Compagnie de Prins. 1787

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Military uniforms: France, 1814-1815

Military uniforms: France, 1814-1815

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 14th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

Back cover and spine - Public domain dedication image

Back cover and spine - Public domain dedication image

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

The very curious and wonderful picture book of Pagan history

The very curious and wonderful picture book of Pagan history

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Marmor Mosaik als Wandbekleidung in der Moschee Gismahs zu Kairo

Marmor Mosaik als Wandbekleidung in der Moschee Gismahs zu Kairo

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

The Baptism of Christ, opp. p. 93

The Baptism of Christ, opp. p. 93

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

[Design for a ceiling with cherubs holding flowers.]

[Design for a ceiling with cherubs holding flowers.]

Picryl description: Public domain photo of ornamental art print, free to use, no copyright restrictions image.

Diferent ballecons. [sic] - Public domain dedication image

Diferent ballecons. [sic] - Public domain dedication image

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Dârâ, the son of Dârâb, sits on the throne with supports in the form of gold lions.

Dârâ, the son of Dârâb, sits on the throne with supports in the form o...

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

Rustam lifts Shangul from his saddle on his lance.

Rustam lifts Shangul from his saddle on his lance.

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

Hormuzd, seated in a small covered pavilion, talks with one of his father's ministers he has jailed.

Hormuzd, seated in a small covered pavilion, talks with one of his fat...

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

The troops of Bahrâm Chûbînah defeat those of Sâvah Shâh.

The troops of Bahrâm Chûbînah defeat those of Sâvah Shâh.

Life of the Prophet Muhammad written at the order of the Mamluk sultan al-Mansûr 'Alâ' al-Dîn 'Alî (d. 778/1376). The work was first illustrated during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Murâd III.

Horae, fol. 51 - Public domain medieval manuscript

Horae, fol. 51 - Public domain medieval manuscript

A book of hours is a type of devotional text that was popular in the Middle Ages, particularly in the late medieval period. It is a type of prayer book that contains a collection of prayers and devotional texts... More

Double-sided page [fol. LXXVIII, Do nun die Samnites ho[s?]teu / dal: Papirius...(The Romans' humiliation by the Samnites)]

Double-sided page [fol. LXXVIII, Do nun die Samnites ho[s?]teu / dal: ...

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, 16th century, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description.

D. Juan Bautista Perez. - Public domain portrait engraving

D. Juan Bautista Perez. - Public domain portrait engraving

Public domain reproduction of illuminated book page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Mosaik-Verzierungen aus dem Dom zu Monreale

Mosaik-Verzierungen aus dem Dom zu Monreale

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Mosaik-Verzierungen aus der Schloss Capelle zu Palermo

Mosaik-Verzierungen aus der Schloss Capelle zu Palermo

Public domain reproduction of illuminated manuscript page, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Marronnier. Eugene Grasset, compiler

Marronnier. Eugene Grasset, compiler

Public domain image related to botany, botanical artwork, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Marronnier. Eugene Grasset, compiler

Marronnier. Eugene Grasset, compiler

Public domain image related to botany, botanical artwork, free to use, no copyright restrictions image - Picryl description

Previous

of 24

Next